The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio, United States. According to 2016 United States Census estimates, the five-county Cleveland-Elyria Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,055,612, making Greater Cleveland the 32nd most populous metropolitan area in the United States and largest metro entirely in Ohio. Greater Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton Combined Statistical Area and the Great Lakes Megalopolis.
Changes in house prices for Greater Cleveland are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case-Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20-city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.
Northeast Ohio refers to a similar but substantially larger area. This article covers the area generally considered to be Greater Cleveland, but includes some information generally applicable to the larger region, which is itself part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
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Northeast Ohio
Northeast Ohio consists of 16 counties (Ashland, Ashtabula, Carroll, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Mahoning, Medina, Portage, Richland, Stark, Summit, Trumbull and Wayne counties) and includes the cities of Akron, Ashland, Ashtabula, Brunswick, Canton, Cleveland, Elyria, Lorain, Mansfield, Medina, Wadsworth, Wooster, Warren, and Youngstown. Northeast Ohio is home to approximately 4 million people, has a labor force of almost 2 million, and a gross regional product of nearly $170 billion. Other counties are sometimes considered to be in Northeast Ohio. These include Erie, Holmes, Huron and Tuscarawas counties, and their inclusion makes the total population of the entire northeastern section of Ohio well over 4.5 million people.
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Cities, townships, and villages
Cuyahoga County
Geauga County
Lake County
Lorain County
Medina County
Cities by population
These, in decreasing order of population, are the eight largest cities in Greater Cleveland of (2010):
Demographics
According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 2.077 million in the five-county MSA of the Greater Cleveland Area, making it the largest metropolitan-statistical area entirely within the state of Ohio. Approximately 48.1% of the population was male and 51.9% were female. In 2010 the racial makeup of the five-county Area was 71.7% (1,490,074) Non-Hispanic Whites, 19.7% (409,582) Non-Hispanic Blacks or African Americans, 0.2% (4,056) American Indians and Alaskan Natives, 2.0% (40,522) Asian (0.7% Asian Indian 0.5% Chinese 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Vietnamese, 0.1% Japanese, 0.0% (398) Pacific Islander, 1.7% (35,224) from other races, and 2.0% (42,130) from two or more races. 4.7% (98,133) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race (2.8% Puerto Rican, 1.0% Mexican, 0.1% Dominican, and 0.1% Cuban).
The median income for a household in Greater Cleveland was $46,231 and the median income for a family, $59,611. The per capita income was $25,668. Persons living below the poverty line was 15.1%. According performed by Capgemini and the World Wealth Report by Merrill Lynch, the Cleveland area has nearly 54,000 millionaire household, and is expected to continue to grow at seventeen percent over the next five years.
For the past thirty years the Greater Cleveland area population has been in decline especially in terms of non-Hispanic whites all the while still being the most diverse region in the State. But at the same time has become even more increasingly diverse as well. As of 2010 both the Hispanic and Asian population in the Cleveland-Akron-Ashtabula area grew by almost 40%, Hispanics now number at 112,307 (up from 80,738 in 2000). And Asian alone accounts for 55,087 (up from 39,586 in 2000) but people who cite Asian and other ethnicites enumerate 67,231. The Chinese Americans are the oldest Asian group residing in Northeast Ohio, most visible in Cleveland's Chinatown. Nevertheless, the area is also home to hundreds of Thais, Taiwanese, Pakistanis, Laotians, Cambodians, and Burmese peoples as well.
The Cleveland area is also home to some of the nation's largest Italian (numbering over 205,000), Slavic, and Hungarian populations. The Hungarian population was so great at one time that Cleveland boasted of having the highest concentration of Hungarians outside of Budapest. Cleveland-Akron area is home to a large Slavic population (17.2% far higher than the nation's rate of 6%). The Greater Cleveland area is home to roughly 171,000 Polish, 38,000 Slovaks, 66,000 Slovenes 38,000 Czechs, 31,000 Russians, and 23,000 Ukrainians. Slavic Village and Shaker Square once had some of the larger concentration in the city of Cleveland. Today, Slavic Village still continues to be home to many Slavic Ohioans. The Greater Cleveland area is home to the largest Slovak, Slovene, and Hungarian community in the world, outside of Slovakia, Slovenia, and Hungary. In addition Slovenia maintains a Consulate-General in Downtown Cleveland. The city of Cleveland has also received visits from the Presidents of Hungary and Poland.
Greater Cleveland is home to a sizable Jewish community. According to the North American Jewish Data Bank, an estimated 86,600 people or 3.0% as of 2011, above the nation's 1.7%, and up from 81,500 in 1996. The highest proportion in Cuyahoga County at 5.5% (of the county's total population). Today 23 percent of Greater Cleveland's Jewish population is under 17. Twenty-seven percent of Jewish people reside in The Heights (Cleveland Heights, Shaker Heights, and University Heights). In 2010 nearly 2,600 people spoke Hebrew and 1,100 Yiddish.
Ancestry
The top largest ancestries in the Greater Cleveland MSA, were the following:
- German: 20.4%
- Slavic: 18.9% (8.2% Polish, 3.2% Slovak, 1.8% Slovene, 1.5% Czech, 1.5% Russian, 1.1% Ukrainian, 1.0% Croatian, 0.4% Serbian, Rusyn, Yugoslav)
- Irish: 14.5%
- British: 11.3% (8.0% English, 1.8% Scottish, 0.8% Scot-Irish, 0.7% Welsh)
- Italian: 9.9%
- Hungarian: 3.7%
- Puerto Rican: 2.8%
- French and French Canadian: 1.9%
- Scandinavian: 1.2% (0.7% Swedish, 0.3% Norwegian, and Danish)
- Arab: 1.0%
Place of birth
Approximately 94.1% of the metropolitan area's population was native to the United States. Approximately 92.8% were born in the U.S. while 1.3% were born in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, or born abroad to American parents. The rest of the population (5.9%) were foreign-born. The highest percentages of immigrants came from Europe (46.2%), Asia (32.7%), Latin America (14.3%); smaller percentages of newcomers came from Africa (3.6%), other parts of North America (3.0%), and Oceania (0.3%).
According to the American Community Survey 2006-2010, the number of Greater Cleveland area residents born overseas was 119,136 and the leading countries of origin were India (10,067), China (7,756), Mexico (6,051), Ukraine (7,211), Germany (5,742), Italy (4,114), Canada (4,102), United Kingdom (4,048), Romania (3,947), Poland (3,834), Russia (3,826), and Yugoslavia (3,820).
Language spoken at home
English is by far the most commonly spoken language at home by residents in the Cleveland-Akron-Elyria area; approximately 91.2% of the population over the age of five spoke only English at home. Spanish speakers made up 2.8% of the population; speakers of Asian languages made up 1.1% of the population; speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 3.9% of the population. Individuals who spoke languages other than the ones above represented the remaining 1.0% of the populace. As of 2011, individually in addition to English, 2.7% spoke Spanish, 0.6% German, 0.5% Arabic, and 0.5% Chinese. 1.4% also spoke a Slavic language. In 2007, Cleveland area was home to the nation's 3rd highest proportion of Hungarian speakers.
Area codes
In the 1950s, AT&T assigned Greater Cleveland Area code 216, which included all of Northeast Ohio. In 1996, Area code 216 was reduced in size to cover the northern half of its prior area, centering on Cleveland and its lake shore suburbs. Area code 330 was introduced for the southern half of Greater Cleveland, including Medina County. The western half of the region, including Ashland and Richland counties, and parts of Huron, Wayne, and Erie counties, are assigned area codes 419 and 567.
In 1997, area code 216 was further split as the need for additional phone numbers grew. Area code 216 was reduced in geographical area to cover the city of Cleveland and its inner ring suburbs. Area code 440 was introduced to cover the remainder of was what previously area code 216, including all of Lorain, Geauga, and Lake counties, and parts of Cuyahoga County. Some communities, such as Parma, and Parma Heights were divided between the 216 and 440 area codes. In 1999, Congressman Dennis Kucinich introduced federal legislation to protect small and medium-sized cities from being split into two or more area codes.
In 2000, it was anticipated that the available phone numbers in area code 330 would be exhausted, and an overlay area code was introduced. Area code 234 was assigned to overlap existing area code 330. With the creation of area code 234, any new phone number in the geographical area formerly covered by area code 330 could be assigned a phone number in either the 234 or 330 area codes, with no change in local or long distance toll status. This made necessary the use of ten-digit dialing within the 330/234 area code region. After the introduction of area code 234, assignments of new telephone numbers in the area did not continue at an accelerated pace, and new phone numbers for area code 234 were not assigned until 2003.
Economy
In 2011 the Greater Cleveland area had a GDP of $134.4 billion (up from $130.7 billion in 2008), which would rank 57th among countries. Cleveland also has the twelfth highest merchandise value at $109.2 billion.
Business and industry
More than 37% of Fortune 500 companies are present in Northeast Ohio, through corporate headquarters, major divisions, subsidiaries, and sales offices. In addition, more than 150 international companies have a presence there. As of 2006, Northeast Ohio serves as the corporate headquarters of 22 Fortune 1000 firms (shown with 2017 rankings below):
- (#120) Progressive Insurance (Mayfield Village, insurance)
- (#184) Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Akron, rubber)
- (#196) FirstEnergy (Akron, utilities)
- (#236) Sherwin-Williams (Cleveland, paint)
- (#251) Parker-Hannifin (Cleveland, aerospace)
- (#346) J.M. Smucker Company (Orrville, food consumer products)
- (#470) Travel Centers of America (Westlake, specialty retail)
- (#479) KeyCorp (Cleveland, banking)
- (#529) RPM International (Medina, chemicals)
- (#672) Diebold (North Canton, electronics)
- (#673) PolyOne Corporation (Avon Lake, chemicals)
- (#698) TransDigm Group (Cleveland, aerospace and defense)
- (#762) Medical Mutual of Ohio (Cleveland, health insurance)
- (#781) The Timken Company (North Canton, specialty steel)
- (#782) Aleris International, Inc. (Cleveland, metals)
- (#792) Hyster-Yale Materials Handling (Cleveland, industrial machinery)
- (#806) Applied Industrial Technologies (Cleveland, bearings)
- (#811) A. Schulman (Fairlawn, chemicals)
- (#868) Lincoln Electric (Cleveland, arc welding equipment)
- (#907) Cliffs Natural Resources (Cleveland, iron ore mining)
- (#965) American Greetings (Cleveland, greeting cards)
- (#996) Nordson (Westlake, industrial machinery)
Other large employers include:
- Agilysis (Mayfield Heights, electronics)
- Babcock & Wilcox (Barberton, engineering)
- Cafaro Corp (Youngstown, mall management and properties)
- Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, health care)
- Developers Diversified Realty Corporation (Beachwood, real estate development)
- DeBartolo-York Corp (Boardman Township, Youngstown, mall management and properties)
- Eaton Corporation (North American HQ - Beachwood, electrical parts manufacturing)
- Exal Corp Aluminum Production (Youngstown, metals)
- Ferro Corporation (Cleveland, advanced material manufacturing)
- FirstMerit (Akron, banking)
- Forest City Enterprises (Cleveland, real estate development)
- Gojo (Akron, chemicals)
- Home Savings and Loan (Youngstown, banking)
- IMG (Cleveland, sports marketing and management)
- Invacare (Elyria, medical products and equipment)
- Jo Ann Stores (Hudson, specialty retailer)
- Jones Day (Cleveland, legal services)
- Lubrizol Corporation (Wickliffe, lubricants and chemicals)
- Mayfran International (Cleveland, conveyors)
- Nacco Industries (Cleveland, industrial equipment)
- Nestlé USA (Solon, food processing)
- Roadway Express (Akron, logistics)
- Rockwell Automation (Mayfield Heights, industrial controls)
- Summa Health System (Akron, health care)
- University Hospitals of Cleveland (Cleveland, health care)
Small businesses and startups
The Council of Smaller Enterprises coordinates and advocates for small businesses in the region. Many of the area's sustainability-oriented companies are tied into the network Entrepreneurs for Sustainability.
Colleges and universities
Greater Cleveland is home to a number of higher education institutions, including:
- Baldwin Wallace University (Berea)
- Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland)
- Cleveland Institute of Art (Cleveland)
- Cleveland Institute of Music (Cleveland)
- Cleveland State University (Cleveland)
- Cuyahoga Community College (Cleveland, Highland Hills, and Parma)
- DeVry University (Seven Hills)
- John Carroll University (University Heights)
- Kent State University at Geauga (Burton)
- Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine (Independence)
- Lake Erie College (Painesville)
- Lakeland Community College (Kirtland)
- Lorain County Community College (Elyria)
- Myers University (formerly Dyke College) (Cleveland)
- Notre Dame College (South Euclid)
- Oberlin College (Oberlin)
- Stautzenberger College (Brecksville)
- Ursuline College (Pepper Pike)
Transportation
Airports
Greater Cleveland is served by international, regional and county airports, including:
- Burke Lakefront Airport (Cleveland)
- Concord Airpark Airport (Concord Township)
- Cuyahoga County Airport
- Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (Cleveland)
- Lorain County Regional Airport (Russia Township)
- Willoughby Lost Nation Municipal Airport (Willoughby)
Highways
- Interstate 71
- Interstate 77
- Interstate 80 (Ohio Turnpike)
- Interstate 90
- Interstate 271
- Interstate 277
- Interstate 480
- Interstate 490
- U.S. Route 6
- U.S. Route 20
- U.S. Route 42
- U.S. Route 224
- U.S. Route 250
- U.S. Route 322
- U.S. Route 422
- Ohio State Route 2
- Ohio State Route 3
- Ohio State Route 8
- Ohio State Route 10
- Ohio State Route 11
- Ohio State Route 14
- Ohio State Route 17
- Ohio State Route 18
- Ohio State Route 21
- Ohio State Route 43
- Ohio State Route 44
- Ohio State Route 83
- Ohio State Route 88
- Ohio State Route 91
- Ohio State Route 113
- Ohio State Route 175
- Ohio State Route 176
- Ohio State Route 225
- Ohio State Route 254
- Ohio State Route 700
- Ohio State Route 711
Highway notes
- I-271 and I-480 are the only two three-digit interstates in the nation to be concurrent, near Bedford Heights in Cuyahoga County.
Public transit
The Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority operates a bus system and heavy and light rail in Cuyahoga County. Other transit agencies serve the surrounding counties and provide connections with RTA, including Laketran in Lake County, and Lorain County Transit in Lorain County. Cleveland's RTA Red Line which started in 1955, is the eighth oldest heavy rail rapid transit in the Country In 2007, RTA was named the best public transit system in North America by the American Public Transportation Association, for "demonstrating achievement in efficiency and effectiveness."
Culture
Theater
Playhouse Square Center is the epicenter of the Cleveland Theater District and the second largest theater district in the United States.
Playhouse Square Theaters
- Allen Theatre
- Hanna Theatre
- Ohio Theatre
- State Theatre
- Palace Theatre
- Kennedy's Cabaret
- Second Stage
- The Helen Rosenfeld Lewis Bialosky Lab Theatre
- Westfield Insurance Studio Theatre
In addition, Greater Cleveland has additional theaters throughout the region.
Theaters
- Beck Center (Lakewood)
- Cabaret Dada (Cleveland)
- Cassidy Theater (Parma Heights)
- Cleveland Play House (Cleveland)
- Cleveland Public Theater (Cleveland)
- Dobama Theater (Cleveland Heights)
- Euclid Avenue Opera House (destroyed)
- Lorain Palace Theatre (Lorain)
- Geauga Lyric Theater (Chardon)
- Huntington Playhouse (Bay Village)
- Karamu House (Cleveland)
- Near West Theatre (Cleveland)
- Olde Towne Hall Theatre (North Ridgeville)
Theatrical companies
- The Bang and Clatter Theatre Company
- Beck Center for the Arts
- Bodwin Theater Company
- Charenton Theatre Company
- Cleveland Shakespeare Festival
- Cleveland Signstage Theatre
- Convergence-Continuum
- Fairmount Center for the Arts (Mayfield Village Performing Arts Center)
- Fourth Wall Productions
- Great Lakes Theater Festival
- The Group
- Portage Lakes Players
- The Public Squares
- Red Hen Productions
Music
Cleveland is home to the Cleveland Orchestra, widely considered one of the finest orchestras in the world, and often referred to as the finest in the United States. It is one of the "Big Five" major orchestras in the United States. The Orchestra plays at Severance Hall in University Circle during the winter and at Blossom Music Center in Cuyahoga Falls during the summer. The city is also home to the Cleveland Pops Orchestra.
Art
There are two main art museums in Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art is a major American art museum, with a collection that includes more than 40,000 works of art ranging over 6,000 years, from ancient masterpieces to contemporary pieces. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland showcases established and emerging artists, particularly from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions.
Sports and recreation
Cleveland's professional sports teams include the Cleveland Indians (Major League Baseball), Cleveland Browns (National Football League), and Cleveland Cavaliers (National Basketball Association). The Lake County Captains, a Single-A minor league affiliate of the Cleveland Indians, play in Eastlake at Classic Park. Additionally, the Lake Erie Crushers of the Frontier League play at Sprenger Stadium in Avon.
Minor league hockey is represented in the area by the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. They began play in the 2007-08 AHL season at the Quicken Loans Arena. The team is the top minor league affiliate of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.
The Cleveland Metroparks are a system of nature preserves that encircle the city, and the Cuyahoga Valley National Park encompasses the Cuyahoga River valley between Cleveland and Akron. The region is home to Mentor Headlands Beach, the longest natural beach on the Great Lakes.
Notable natives
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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